美国仇恨犯罪立法的当代回顾

Q1 Social Sciences

Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI:10.1177/08874034221112847

Matthew A. Bills, M. Vaughn

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引用次数: 2

摘要

仇恨犯罪在美国仍然是个问题。加利福尼亚州于1978年通过了第一部仇恨犯罪法;国会在1990年跟进。各国继续修订其仇恨犯罪立法，产生一系列的法定规定。本文创建了一个概念性框架，据此对50个州和华盛顿特区的仇恨犯罪立法进行分类。法律是通过韦斯特法确定的。分析比较了所涵盖的犯罪类型、受保护的离散和孤立的少数群体、起诉的选择、执法机构的授权以及各州立法中为受害者提供的额外权利。各国仇恨犯罪立法的范围和内容存在很大差异，导致一些弱势群体得不到保护，执法准备不足，受害者权利和资源匮乏。讨论了仇恨犯罪政策和立法的未来方向。

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A Contemporary Review of Hate Crime Legislation in the United States

Hate-motivated crime remains problematic in the United States. California passed the first hate crime law in 1978; Congress followed in 1990. States continue to amend their hate crime legislation, producing an amalgam of statutory provisions. This article creates a conceptual framework from which to classify hate crime legislation across the 50 states and Washington, DC. Laws were identified through Westlaw. Analyses compared the types of crimes covered, discrete and insular minorities protected, prosecutorial alternatives, mandates for law enforcement agencies, and additional rights provided to victims among states’ legislation. Considerable variation in scope and content of hate crime legislation exists among states, leaving several vulnerable groups unprotected, law enforcement underprepared, and victim rights and resources sparse. Future directions for hate crime policy and legislation are discussed.

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来源期刊

Criminal Justice Policy Review Social Sciences-Law

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Criminal Justice Policy Review (CJPR) is a multidisciplinary journal publishing articles written by scholars and professionals committed to the study of criminal justice policy through experimental and nonexperimental approaches. CJPR is published quarterly and accepts appropriate articles, essays, research notes, interviews, and book reviews. It also provides a forum for special features, which may include invited commentaries, transcripts of significant panels or meetings, position papers, and legislation. To maintain a leadership role in criminal justice policy literature, CJPR will publish articles employing diverse methodologies.