Clinical case: second mandibular premolar with three root canals

The effectiveness and success of endodontic treatment depends on the doctor's professionalism and knowledge of the anatomy and morphology of root canals. The equipment that is at the disposal of the dentist is also of great importance. At the moment, it is difficult to imagine the diagnosis of complex endodontic pathology without the use of cone-beam computed tomography. Diagnostic radiographs in different projections are important for getting an idea of the number of existing root canals, but do not always give a complete picture of the anatomy and morphology of root canals. Magnifying devices (binoculars and dental microscope) are also very helpful for competent treatment in modern dentistry in general and endodontics in particular. Premolars of the mandible are among the most difficult teeth for endodontic treatment due to a sufficient number of variations in internal morphology, the presence of additional root canals, apical deltas and lateral canals.