“玄武岩”一词的起源

IF 1.1 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
O. Tietz, Joerg Buchner
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引用次数: 4

摘要

因此,Stolpen城堡山似乎是岩石“玄武岩”(!)的全球类型所在地,至少从历史的角度来看,并且没有适当考虑到后来的岩石学分类发展。因此,该山在2006年被指定为德国77个国家地理标志之一(Goth和Suhr,2007年)。阿格里科拉的文本是基于1500年前盖乌斯·普利纽斯·塞昆多斯或老普林尼(公元23-79年)所写的一篇描述。他因其对公元79年维苏威火山爆发的描述性报告而闻名于地质学家,这种火山喷发风格现在被称为“普林尼火山”。大约两年前,他撰写了《博物学史》第36卷,其中包括以下简短摘录:“在埃塞俄比亚发现的同一块埃及石头被称为玄武岩,其颜色和硬度与铁一样,因此得名。”(老普林尼,约公元77年,从拉丁语翻译成英语)。古老的文字与阿格里科拉的描述非常相似,只提到了柱子。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The origin of the term ’basalt’
Therefore, the Stolpen Castle Hill seems the global type locality for the rock ‘basalt’(!), at least from historical perspective and without due regard to later developments in petrographical classifications. Consequently, the hill was designated as one of 77 national geotopes in Germany in 2006 (Goth and Suhr 2007). The Agricola’s text was based on a description written 1,500 years before by Gaius Plinius Secundus, or Pliny the Elder (AD 23–79). He is famous among geologists for his descriptive report on the Vesuvius eruption in AD 79, and this volcanic eruption style is now called ‘Plinian’. Some two years earlier, he penned the 36th volume of his Naturalis Historia, including the following short excerpt: “This same Egypt found in Ethiopia a (stone), which is called basaltes, of the colour and hardness of the iron, which gave the name.” (Pliny the Elder ca. AD 77, translated from Latin in English). The antique text strongly resembles Agricola’s description, lacking only the mention of columns.
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来源期刊
Journal of Geosciences
Journal of Geosciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-MINERALOGY
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
7.10%
发文量
15
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed journal published by the Czech Geological Society with support from the Czech Geological Survey. It accepts high-quality original research or review papers dealing with all aspects of the nature and origin of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The Journal focuses, mainly but not exclusively, on: -Process-oriented regional studies of igneous and metamorphic complexes- Research in structural geology and tectonics- Igneous and metamorphic petrology- Mineral chemistry and mineralogy- Major- and trace-element geochemistry, isotope geochemistry- Dating igneous activity and metamorphic events- Experimental petrology and mineralogy- Theoretical models of igneous and metamorphic processes- Mineralizing processes and mineral deposits. All the papers are written in English, even though they may be accompanied by an additional Czech abstract. Each contribution is a subject to peer review by at least two independent reviewers, typically at least one from abroad. The Journal appears 2 to 4 times a year. Formally it is divided in annual volumes, each of them including 4 issues.
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