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引用次数: 1
摘要
本文考察了1939年至1945年间,人们利用昏睡病流行的威胁,通过在坦噶尼喀的乌兰加区形成“集中区”,来证明大规模人口重新安置的正当性。在这种似是而非的社区空间重组背后,隐藏着别有用心的动机,这些动机解释并推动了更广泛的社会工程殖民发展议程。主要殖民官员的突出作用,特别是A. T. Culwick,被强调和重新审视,特别是在与家长作风和更紧密的定居点的强制方面的关系。本文探讨了合法胁迫的本质、国际联盟授权的争议意义以及政府内部的紧张关系。当地对集中的抵制挑战了殖民霸权,也挑战了像库尔威克这样的官员自建的良性专制形式,他依靠在自己的地区和同僚中投射政治权威的声望。因此,集中是一个有争议和偶然的过程,反对政府和政府内部都有异议。
Coercion and Dissent: Sleeping Sickness ‘Concentrations’ and the Politics of Colonial Authority in Ulanga, Tanganyika
Abstract This article examines the means by which perceived threats of sleeping sickness epidemics were used to justify extensive population resettlement through the formation of ‘concentrations’ in Ulanga District, Tanganyika, between 1939 and 1945. Underlying this specious spatial reordering of communities were ulterior motives that interpreted and pushed broader colonial development agendas of social engineering. The prominent role of leading colonial officers, notably A. T. Culwick, is emphasised and reexamined, especially in relationship to paternalism and the coercive aspects of closer settlement. This article explores the nature of legitimised coercion, contested meanings of the League of Nations mandate, and tensions within the administration. Local resistance to concentration challenged colonial hegemony and the self-fashioned form of benign autocracy constructed by officials like Culwick, who relied on a projection of prestige for political authority in his district and among his peers. Concentration was therefore a contested and contingent process with dissent evidenced both against and within government.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of African History publishes articles and book reviews ranging widely over the African past, from the late Stone Age to the present. In recent years increasing prominence has been given to economic, cultural and social history and several articles have explored themes which are also of growing interest to historians of other regions such as: gender roles, demography, health and hygiene, propaganda, legal ideology, labour histories, nationalism and resistance, environmental history, the construction of ethnicity, slavery and the slave trade, and photographs as historical sources. Contributions dealing with pre-colonial historical relationships between Africa and the African diaspora are especially welcome, as are historical approaches to the post-colonial period.