Investigation on children's handwashing behaviour and contamination levels in rural Cambodia

The present study aimed to investigate children's handwashing behaviour, as well as contamination levels and water qualities of water sources used for handwashing in rural Cambodia. A field survey was conducted by simple random sampling in Kandal Leu village of Kandal Province in 2014. Only 23 children were interviewed with the informed consent of their guardians, limiting our data analysis as descriptive. Concurrently, an adenosine triphosphate test kit was used to assess their hands' contamination levels. Their water sources for handwashing were also tested for Escherichia coli and coliform. As a result, approximately 27% of children in the study areas were found not to wash their hands and 17.2% of children washed their hands more than four times a day before and after eating, after touching dirt and after toileting. Approximately, 74% of the dirt could be removed from hands by washing with water. Concurrently, approximately 96% of water from traditional rainwater jars (Pieng) used for handwashing was contaminated with coliform, while 65% was contaminated with E. coli. Cambodian children in our study area used polluted rainwater for handwashing in the rainy season. This study suggests that appropriate handwashing requires safe water and educational programs on environmental and personal hygiene for parents and children.