Data-driven on sustainable food supply chain: a comparison on Halal and non-Halal food system

ABSTRACT This study contributes a data-driven of sustainable food supply chain with the comparison between Halal and non-Halal food, and suggestion for future studies and practical fulfillments. Although food supply chain is urged to become sustainable, there is a lack of a systematic data-driven describing the most appropriate indicators to advance both Halal and non-Halal sustainable food supply chain. With an aim of analyzing up-to-date sustainable food supply chain, a combination of content analysis, fuzzy Delphi method, fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory is presented. The results show that the most significant indicators for non-Halal sustainable food supply chain are food consumption, food safety, food security, resilience, food waste management. The most crucial indicators of Halal sustainable food supply chain consist of Halal certification, Halal supply chain trust, Islamic values, Halal food safety. A contemporary sustainable food supply chain is presented and future trends, challenges, and opportunities are determined.