Comparison of Clinical, Biochemical, and Sonological Parameters in Adolescents with and without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract Objectives  The Pediatric Endocrine Society consensus criteria was developed in 2015 to diagnose adolescent PCOS. There are no Indian studies that use these criteria for diagnosis and then compare the clinical characteristics with those of normal controls. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and biochemical profile in adolescents with and without PCOS and to study the ovarian morphology in adolescents with and without PCOS. Materials and Methods  We conducted a prospective case–control study on 60 adolescents who attended the outpatient department/adolescent immunization clinic. Group A included 30 adolescent girls with PCOS diagnosed as per the consensus criteria and Group B included 30 adolescents without PCOS. All participants were clinically evaluated and called empty stomach in the follicular phase for metabolic (Serum TSH, prolactin, FSH, LH, and testosterone) and endocrinal workup (2-hour OGTT, lipid profile) followed by ultrasonic examination. Results  In group A, 40% were overweight and 36.7% were obese and in group B, 20% were overweight and 20% were obese. There were no significant differences noted in gonadotropin levels in two groups. Mean testosterone levels were higher in PCO adolescents. The mean ovarian volume and ovarian follicle number were significantly higher in adolescents with PCOS. We found that if ultrasound criteria were added to the diagnosis, there would be about 7% lesser PCOS diagnosis. Conclusion  PCOS alters the fat distribution and lipid distribution in the body. These are features that lead to long-term metabolic alterations and life-threatening diseases. All PCOS adolescents thus be screened for these abnormalities and advised lifestyle modifications to keep these parameters under control.