Chin-Hong Yong, S. A. Muhammad, Widad Fadhullah, H. M. Hassan, A. Mohd Rodhi, Mohd Zulkifli Mustafa, S. Kelly
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引用次数: 2
摘要
一些研究发现,无刺蜜蜂蜂蜜(SBH)的营养价值可能与普通蜂蜜相似,如果不是更多的话,这促使马来西亚政府将其作为超级食品进行推广。然而,SBH在水分含量和缺乏蛋白质方面不符合蜂蜜法典标准(Codex STAN 12-19811),需要用内部标准碳同位素比分析(ISCIRA)进行分析。因此,在SBH稳定碳同位素分析之前,引入了冻干过程来解决这两个问题。结果发现,一旦19个SBH样品的水分含量降低到20%以下,相对于冻干前从SBH中提取的蛋白质,从样品中提取的蛋白质的百分比增量在6%到385%之间变化,其中9个样品被发现是掺假的。冻干SBH时必须谨慎,因为SCIRA和ISCIRA值的同位素变化明显。然而,碳同位素的变化并没有改变掺假结果的“合格”或“不合格”的最终结果。总的来说,需要从SBH中去除水,但需要谨慎,因为在SBH经历冻干过程时观察到碳同位素的变化。
Addressing the unfulfilled codex standard for honey for stingless bee honey through lyophilization
ABSTRACT Some studies have found that the nutritional values of stingless bee honey (SBH) may be similar if not more than normal honey, prompting the Malaysian government to promote it as a superfood. However, SBH does not fulfil the Codex Standard for Honey (CODEX STAN 12-19811) in terms of moisture content and the lack of protein to be analysed with Internal Standard Carbon Isotope Ratio Analysis (ISCIRA). Hence, a lyophilization process was introduced prior to stable carbon isotope analysis of SBH to address both of these issues. It was found that once moisture content was decreased to a level below 20 % for 19 SBH samples, the percentage increment of protein extracted from the samples varied between 6 and 385 % relative to protein extracted from SBH before lyophilization with nine samples found to be adulterated. Caution is necessary when lyophilizing the SBH as significant isotope shifts were seen for SCIRA and ISCIRA values. Nevertheless, the carbon isotope shifts did not change the final outcome of the ‘pass’ or ‘fail’ of the adulteration result. Overall, the removal of water from SBH is required but caution is necessary as carbon isotope shifts were observed as SBHs underwent the lyophilization process.
期刊介绍:
Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies provides a unique platform for stable isotope studies in geological and life sciences, with emphasis on ecology. The international journal publishes original research papers, review articles, short communications, and book reviews relating to the following topics:
-variations in natural isotope abundance (isotope ecology, isotope biochemistry, isotope hydrology, isotope geology)
-stable isotope tracer techniques to follow the fate of certain substances in soil, water, plants, animals and in the human body
-isotope effects and tracer theory linked with mathematical modelling
-isotope measurement methods and equipment with respect to environmental and health research
-diagnostic stable isotope application in medicine and in health studies
-environmental sources of ionizing radiation and its effects on all living matter