Beginner's Guide to Raman Spectroelectrochemistry for Electrocatalysis Study

The need for continuous observation of electrocatalytic processes under operating conditions has promoted the popularity of in situ techniques coupled with electrochemical tests. In situ Raman spectrometer coupled with electrochemistry (or Raman spectroelectrochemistry) is a powerful tool to provide real-time structural information related to the dynamic electrolyte/electrode interface. To make it more accessible among the electrocatalysis community, we provide an essential experimental guideline of in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry to beginners. After the necessary background of the technical principle and primary applications, we focus on the experimental considerations, from electrode preparation, cell design, and laser parameters to the electrochemical sequence and data process. The recent efforts to make this technique more affordable are also highlighted. We hope this review can help beginners to understand and use Raman spectroelectrochemistry.