Asistencia de larga duración en pacientes pediátricos: 15 años de experiencia

Background and aim

The aim is to analyse clinical and survival results after the implant of a long-term mechanical assist device in pediatric patients in the end stages of heart failure.

Methods

Between January 2006 and November 2021 34 Berlin Heart EXCOR® devices were implanted in pediatric patients. We analysed preoperative and intraoperative characteristics, together with complications after implant. Outcomes were also evaluated (transplant vs. death). Statistical analysis with STATA IC 15.

Results

The mean age was 51 ± 53 months (1-180), mean weight 17 ± 16 kg (2.2-65). Underlying heart disease was myocardiopathy in 68% and congenital heart disease in 32%. The Berlin Heart EXCOR® device was univentricular in 64% of the patients. Surgical indication was bridge to transplant in 97%. Mean duration of mechanical support was 92 ± 105 days (1-511). Postoperative complications were common: 62% infectious and 44% neurological (29% ischaemic and 15% haemorrhagic). Mortality of haemorrhagic strokes 80%, ischaemic 20%. Since 2019, when heparin was changed to bivalirudin, no mortal strokes were observed. 71% of the patients has been transplanted, 29% has died.

Conclusions

As a response to the increasing number of paediatric patients in end stages of congestive heart failure, the use of the Berlin Heart EXCOR® device has spread, especially if the intention is to use it as bridge to transplant. Neurological events, mostly haemorrhagic, are the most feared because of high mortality. Nevertheless, it is an encouraging alternative as a long-term mechanical assist device in children, allowing them to reach the transplant in 71% of the cases.