Analysis of the operating parameters of electric, hybrid, and conventional vehicles on different types of roads

Abstract Vehicles, regardless of the type of drive, move on different types of roads. The operational characteristics of the highway will be different than those of the urban road. The aim of this article is to compare the performance of electric, hybrid, and conventional vehicles on different roads. For simulation studies in the AVL Cruise program, speed profiles determined on the highway, expressway, suburban, and urban roads were used. The article presents the course of energy consumption of an electric and hybrid vehicle, the amount of energy recovered by these vehicles, and the state of battery charge after the routes. The fuel consumption and emissions of harmful exhaust components of hybrid and conventional vehicles are also described. Based on the collected data, it was determined what is the cost of driving each of the routes by the tested vehicles. The results showed that the operational characteristics of the vehicles on each route are different. Driving speed, vehicle load, or duration of the journey significantly affects energy consumption, fuel, and costs. Such a comparison allows you to adjust the choice of vehicle by the driver, who, knowing his daily route, can decide on a vehicle with a specific type of drive.