Returns to education in Central and Eastern European transition economies: The role of macroeconomic context

After the fall of communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe, the returns to education were substantially growing over time. We summarise the existing literature conducting a meta-analysis of returns to education for economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and test for several mechanisms, which can explain the evolution of the returns over time and differences between countries of the region. The average estimated rate of return basing on more than 600 estimates is around 7%, but it shows variation depending on the methodology adopted, but also on countries’ characteristics. We find out a positive impact of the unemployment rate and negative impact of the enrolment rates into tertiary education. The first observation suggests we observe a countercyclicality of education returns while the latter shows that the dominance of supply of tertiary graduates reduced returns to schooling.