GABA receptors mediate adaptation and sensitization processes in mouse retinal ganglion cells.

Two coordinated dynamic properties (adaptation and sensitization) are observed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) under the contrast stimulation. During sustained high-contrast period, adaptation decreases RGCs' responses while sensitization increases RGCs' responses. In mouse retina, adaptation and sensitization respectively show OFF- and ON-pathway-dominance. However, the mechanisms which drive the differentiation between adaptation and sensitization remain unclear. In the present study, multi-electrode recordings were conducted on isolated mouse retina under full-field contrast stimulation. Dynamic property was quantified based on the trend of RGC's firing rate during high-contrast period, light sensitivity was estimated by linear-nonlinear analysis and coding ability was estimated through stimulus reconstruction algorism. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors were pharmacologically blocked to explore the relation between RGCs' dynamic property and the activity of GABA receptors. It was found that GABA_A and GABA_C receptors respectively mediated the adaptation and sensitization processes in RGCs' responses. RGCs' dynamic property changes occurred after the blockage of GABA receptors were related to the modulation of the cells' light sensitivity. Further, the blockage of GABA_A (GABA_C) receptor significantly decreased RGCs' overall coding ability and eliminated the functional benefits of adaptation (sensitization). Our work suggests that the dynamic property of individual RGC is related to the balance between its GABA_A-receptor-mediated inputs and GABA_C-receptor-mediated inputs. Blockage of GABA receptors breaks the balance of retinal circuitry for signal processing, and down-regulates the visual information coding ability.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-023-09950-2.