建立煤质与煤燃烧残留物中放射性核素富集的关系

U. A. Q. Ahmed, A. Joubert
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引用次数: 1

摘要

燃煤发电厂(CFPP)提供了全球约40%的能源需求。煤中含有的天然放射性物质(NORM)由于在燃烧过程中消除了碳而在煤燃烧残留物中富集。CFPP产生的飞灰和底灰可能是燃烧厂或灰场附近人群接触天然放射性核素的重要来源。尽管如此,很少有研究真正涉及NORM富集因子与所用煤炭质量之间的关系。本文旨在将煤的质量与南非三个CFPP煤燃烧残留物中感兴趣的放射性核素(K40、Ra226、Th232和Po210)的富集因子联系起来。还考虑了其他CFPP的数据来建立这种相关性。这些CFPP中使用的原料煤通常质量较低,灰分含量在25-45wt%范围内。所研究的放射性核素通过伽马能谱法测定,但Po210除外,它是通过α能谱法确定的。飞灰和底灰(Po210除外)中K40、Ra226、Th232和Po210放射性核素的富集因子与煤质成正比。也就是说,当灰分百分比增加(煤质降低)时,富集系数降低。底灰中的Po210放射性核素的富集系数小于1。粉煤灰和底灰中K40、Ra226、Th232和Po210放射性核素(除底灰中的Po210外)的煤质与富集因子之间的关系由以下数学方程证明:。该方程可以用作在确定煤燃烧产物(如飞灰和底灰)中所述放射性核素的富集度时获得估计值的良好指示。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Establishing a Relationship between Coal Quality and the Enrichment of Radionuclides in Coal Combustion Residues
Coal-fired power plants (CFPP) provide approximately 40% of the world’s energy demand. Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) contained in coal become enriched in coal combustion residues as a result of the elimination of carbon during combustion. The fly ash and bottom ash produced from CFPP may be significant sources of exposure to naturally occurring radionuclides for the population near the combustion plant or ash dumps. Despite this fact, very few studies have actually addressed the relationship of the NORM enrichment factors and the quality of coal used. This paper aims to relate the quality of coal to the enrichment factors for the radionuclides of interest (K40, Ra226, Th232 and Po210) in coal combustion residues from three South African CFPP. The data from other CFPP was also taken into account to establish this correlation. The feedstock coal used in these CFPP is typically low quality, with ash content in the range of 25 - 45 wt%. The radionuclides investigated were determined by gamma spectrometry with the exception of Po210, which was determined by alpha spectrometry. The enrichment factors for the radionuclides of K40, Ra226, Th232 and Po210 in the fly ash and bottom ash (except Po210) was found to be directly proportional to the quality of coal. That is when the ash percentage increased (coal quality decreased) the enrichment factor decreased. The Po210 radionuclide in the bottom ash had an enrichment factor less than one. The relationship between coal quality and enrichment factors for the radionuclides of K40, Ra226, Th232 and Po210 in both the fly ash and bottom ash (except Po210 in the bottom ash) was demonstrated by the following mathematical equation: . This equation may be used as a good indication in obtaining an estimate in determining the enrichment of the mentioned radionuclides in coal combustion products such as fly ash and bottom ash.
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