{"title":"伏尔泰与赌博","authors":"F. Frankenburg","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2021.1949623","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT François Marie Arouet (1694–1778), better known as Voltaire, was a leading figure of the French Enlightenment, the eighteenth-century intellectual movement that criticized established institutions and promoted reason over faith. Gambling twice entered Voltaire’s life, although in different ways. In 1728 he and a friend, explorer Charles-Marie de La Condamine, formed a lottery syndicate and, by exploiting a flaw in the design of the lottery, made their fortunes. He also profited from this friendship by learning some principles of astronomy and geometry, later using this knowledge in some of his literary works. The second encounter involved his mistress, mathematician Émilie du Châtelet, who lost large amounts of Voltaire’s money while gambling with French royalty. Voltaire blamed her losses on some friends of the queen of France, whom he accused of cheating. Despite the financial loss, Voltaire also profited from this episode, albeit indirectly. During the game, he audibly insulted the queen’s friends, and to avoid their wrath, he ran away. While in hiding, he took the opportunity to write some masterpieces. An appreciation of these episodes and their benefits to Voltaire rests on an understanding of lottery design and the gambling behavior of the French nobility.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"37 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14459795.2021.1949623","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Voltaire and gambling\",\"authors\":\"F. Frankenburg\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14459795.2021.1949623\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"ABSTRACT François Marie Arouet (1694–1778), better known as Voltaire, was a leading figure of the French Enlightenment, the eighteenth-century intellectual movement that criticized established institutions and promoted reason over faith. Gambling twice entered Voltaire’s life, although in different ways. In 1728 he and a friend, explorer Charles-Marie de La Condamine, formed a lottery syndicate and, by exploiting a flaw in the design of the lottery, made their fortunes. He also profited from this friendship by learning some principles of astronomy and geometry, later using this knowledge in some of his literary works. The second encounter involved his mistress, mathematician Émilie du Châtelet, who lost large amounts of Voltaire’s money while gambling with French royalty. Voltaire blamed her losses on some friends of the queen of France, whom he accused of cheating. Despite the financial loss, Voltaire also profited from this episode, albeit indirectly. During the game, he audibly insulted the queen’s friends, and to avoid their wrath, he ran away. While in hiding, he took the opportunity to write some masterpieces. An appreciation of these episodes and their benefits to Voltaire rests on an understanding of lottery design and the gambling behavior of the French nobility.\",\"PeriodicalId\":47301,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Gambling Studies\",\"volume\":\"22 1\",\"pages\":\"37 - 44\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-07-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14459795.2021.1949623\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Gambling Studies\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2021.1949623\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"SUBSTANCE ABUSE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Gambling Studies","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2021.1949623","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"SUBSTANCE ABUSE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
摘要François Marie Arouet(1694–1778),又名伏尔泰,是法国启蒙运动的领军人物。法国启蒙运动是18世纪的一场知识分子运动,批判既定制度,提倡理性而非信仰。赌博两次进入伏尔泰的生活,尽管方式不同。1728年,他和一位朋友、探险家查尔斯·玛丽·德·拉康达明组成了一个彩票辛迪加,并利用彩票设计中的一个缺陷发了财。他还从这种友谊中获益,学习了一些天文学和几何原理,后来在他的一些文学作品中使用了这些知识。第二次遭遇涉及他的情妇,数学家Émili du Châtelet,她在与法国皇室赌博时输掉了伏尔泰的大笔钱。伏尔泰将她的损失归咎于法国女王的一些朋友,他指责他们作弊。尽管有经济损失,伏尔泰也从这一事件中获利,尽管是间接的。在比赛中,他听到了女王朋友的侮辱声,为了避免他们的愤怒,他逃跑了。在躲藏期间,他趁机写了一些杰作。对这些情节及其对伏尔泰的好处的欣赏,建立在对彩票设计和法国贵族赌博行为的理解之上。
ABSTRACT François Marie Arouet (1694–1778), better known as Voltaire, was a leading figure of the French Enlightenment, the eighteenth-century intellectual movement that criticized established institutions and promoted reason over faith. Gambling twice entered Voltaire’s life, although in different ways. In 1728 he and a friend, explorer Charles-Marie de La Condamine, formed a lottery syndicate and, by exploiting a flaw in the design of the lottery, made their fortunes. He also profited from this friendship by learning some principles of astronomy and geometry, later using this knowledge in some of his literary works. The second encounter involved his mistress, mathematician Émilie du Châtelet, who lost large amounts of Voltaire’s money while gambling with French royalty. Voltaire blamed her losses on some friends of the queen of France, whom he accused of cheating. Despite the financial loss, Voltaire also profited from this episode, albeit indirectly. During the game, he audibly insulted the queen’s friends, and to avoid their wrath, he ran away. While in hiding, he took the opportunity to write some masterpieces. An appreciation of these episodes and their benefits to Voltaire rests on an understanding of lottery design and the gambling behavior of the French nobility.