获取开放数据在公共卫生方面的好处。

P Huston, V L Edge, E Bernier
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引用次数: 46

摘要

开放数据是一场广泛的全球运动的一部分,这场运动不仅推动了科学和科学交流,而且改变了现代社会和决策方式。从呼吁开放科学和在线期刊的兴起开始,已经扩展到开放数据,前提是如果数据报告是公开的,那么生成的或支持的数据也应该是公开的。在过去的十年里,开放数据取得了许多进步,主要是由政府带头的。开放数据的真正好处不仅仅是单个数据库可以更广泛地使用;这些数据也可以被利用、共享,并与其他数据相结合。开放数据促进了科学合作,丰富了研究,提高了决策的分析能力。例如,在人类和环境健康领域,访问和组合各种数据的能力可以促进早期信号检测,改进分析和评估,为计划和政策制定提供信息,提高公众参与能力,提高透明度,提高问责制。然而,挑战依然存在。需要大量的资源来实现向开放和可互操作的数据库的技术转变,这些数据库可以使用通用协议和术语访问。在数据生成器和用户中,这种转变还涉及一种文化变化:从将数据库视为受限制的知识产权,到将数据视为共同利益。在进行这一转变时,需要考虑到法律和道德因素。最后,在努力修改基础设施和解决文化、法律和道德问题的同时,公平有效地共享信息也很重要。尽管开放、及时、公平和直接共享数据具有巨大潜力,但充分实现开放数据的无数好处将取决于如何有效应对这些挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Reaping the benefits of Open Data in public health.

Open Data is part of a broad global movement that is not only advancing science and scientific communication but also transforming modern society and how decisions are made. What began with a call for Open Science and the rise of online journals has extended to Open Data, based on the premise that if reports on data are open, then the generated or supporting data should be open as well. There have been a number of advances in Open Data over the last decade, spearheaded largely by governments. A real benefit of Open Data is not simply that single databases can be used more widely; it is that these data can also be leveraged, shared and combined with other data. Open Data facilitates scientific collaboration, enriches research and advances analytical capacity to inform decisions. In the human and environmental health realms, for example, the ability to access and combine diverse data can advance early signal detection, improve analysis and evaluation, inform program and policy development, increase capacity for public participation, enable transparency and improve accountability. However, challenges remain. Enormous resources are needed to make the technological shift to open and interoperable databases accessible with common protocols and terminology. Amongst data generators and users, this shift also involves a cultural change: from regarding databases as restricted intellectual property, to considering data as a common good. There is a need to address legal and ethical considerations in making this shift. Finally, along with efforts to modify infrastructure and address the cultural, legal and ethical issues, it is important to share the information equitably and effectively. While there is great potential of the open, timely, equitable and straightforward sharing of data, fully realizing the myriad of benefits of Open Data will depend on how effectively these challenges are addressed.

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