既往感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型增强了初始信使核糖核酸疫苗反应,对长期免疫的影响较低。

Q3 Medicine
Vanessa Silva-Moraes, Aisha Souquette, Giuseppe A Sautto, Ida Paciello, Giada Antonelli, Emanuele Andreano, Rino Rappuoli, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Ted M Ross
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2021年初的刺突编码信使核糖核酸疫苗有效降低了严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型相关的发病率和死亡率。由于连续出现了一波又一波不同的病毒变体,因此引入了新的加强方案。因此,从感染到接种疫苗,人们现在因多次接触严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型抗原而具有不同的免疫记忆。这种社区免疫水平可以诱导对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的免疫保护;然而,关于启动和重复Ag暴露的适应性免疫反应和长期免疫的轨迹的问题仍然没有得到很好的探索。在这项研究中,我们检查了在没有发生突破性感染的免疫幼稚和严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型免疫前个体中接种三剂单价辉瑞BNT162b2信使核糖核酸疫苗后的适应性免疫反应轨迹。在接种前一刻至第三次免疫后6个月的6个时间点采集的人类血液样本中评估IgG、B细胞和T细胞刺突特异性反应。总体而言,与IgG反应相比,重复Spike暴露的影响对T细胞频率和寿命的改善程度较低。自然感染通过显著增加中和Abs和特异性CD4+T细胞亚群(循环T滤泡辅助细胞、效应记忆细胞和Th1产生细胞)来塑造初始疫苗接种后的反应,但在长期免疫方面有很小的益处。在三剂疫苗接种方案结束时,严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型初始个体和免疫前个体的免疫记忆质量和数量相似。这项研究深入了解了信使核糖核酸疫苗诱导的免疫记忆的持久性以及免疫前对长期反应的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Enhances Initial mRNA Vaccine Response with a Lower Impact on Long-Term Immunity.

Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Enhances Initial mRNA Vaccine Response with a Lower Impact on Long-Term Immunity.

Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Enhances Initial mRNA Vaccine Response with a Lower Impact on Long-Term Immunity.

Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Enhances Initial mRNA Vaccine Response with a Lower Impact on Long-Term Immunity.

Spike-encoding mRNA vaccines in early 2021 effectively reduced SARS-CoV-2-associated morbidity and mortality. New booster regimens were introduced due to successive waves of distinct viral variants. Therefore, people now have a diverse immune memory resulting from multiple SARS-CoV-2 Ag exposures, from infection to following vaccination. This level of community-wide immunity can induce immunological protection from SARS-CoV-2; however, questions about the trajectory of the adaptive immune responses and long-term immunity with respect to priming and repeated Ag exposure remain poorly explored. In this study, we examined the trajectory of adaptive immune responses following three doses of monovalent Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in immunologically naive and SARS-CoV-2 preimmune individuals without the occurrence of breakthrough infection. The IgG, B cell, and T cell Spike-specific responses were assessed in human blood samples collected at six time points between a moment before vaccination and up to 6 mo after the third immunization. Overall, the impact of repeated Spike exposures had a lower improvement on T cell frequency and longevity compared with IgG responses. Natural infection shaped the responses following the initial vaccination by significantly increasing neutralizing Abs and specific CD4+ T cell subsets (circulating T follicular helper, effector memory, and Th1-producing cells), but it had a small benefit at long-term immunity. At the end of the three-dose vaccination regimen, both SARS-CoV-2-naive and preimmune individuals had similar immune memory quality and quantity. This study provides insights into the durability of mRNA vaccine-induced immunological memory and the effects of preimmunity on long-term responses.

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