Umut Yilmaz, Yusuf Buzdagli, Muhammed Lütfü Polat, Yusuf Bakir, Burak Ozhanci, Sena Alkazan, Halil Ucar
{"title":"单独或联合补充咖啡因和L-茶氨酸对优秀冰壶运动员射击和认知能力的影响:一项双盲、安慰剂对照研究。","authors":"Umut Yilmaz, Yusuf Buzdagli, Muhammed Lütfü Polat, Yusuf Bakir, Burak Ozhanci, Sena Alkazan, Halil Ucar","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2267536","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous studies have investigated the effect of single or combined caffeine (CAF) and L-theanine (THE) intake on attention performance. However, its effect on shooting performance and cognitive performance in a sport is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis \"Does single or combined CAF and THE supplementation have an effect on shooting and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes?.\" It is predicted that over the next decade, studies based on nutritional ergogenic supplements in the developing sport of curling will continue to increase, leading to a significant increase in studies examining the effects of CAF and THE supplementation, alone or in combination, on throwing and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this double-blind, randomized controlled crossover study, twenty-two elite national curling athletes (age 20.20 ± 1.61 and sports age 6.20 ± 0.51 years, height 174.10 ± 7.21 cm, BMI 21.80 ± 3.47 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly assigned to CAF (6 mg/kg single dose CAF), THE (6 mg/kg single dose THE), CAF*THE (6 mg/kg CAF and 6 mg/kg THE combined) and PLA (400 mg maltodextrin) groups at each of four sessions. 60 minutes after taking the supplement, the athletes were first given the Stroop test and then asked to shoot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our main findings have shown that the performance of athletes in guard (F=<sub>3.452</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .842), draw (F=<sub>1.647</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .485), and take-out (F=<sub>3.121</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .743) shot styles significantly improved when comparing the combined intake of CAF and THE to the PLA. Regarding cognitive performance evaluation through the Stroop test, during the NR task (F=<sub>4.743</sub>, <i>P</i> = .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .653), the combined intake of CAF and THE significantly improved reaction times compared to the intake of single CAF, THE, or PLA. The best reaction times during the CR and ICR (respectively; F=<sub>2.742</sub>, <i>P</i> = .004, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .328; F = 1.632, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .625) tasks were achieved with the combined CAF and THE intake, showing a significant improvement compared to PLA. During the NER (F=<sub>2.961</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .741), task, the combined intake of CAF and THE significantly improved error rates compared to the intake of CAF, THE, or PLA single. The best accuracy rates during the CER and ICER (respectively; F=<sub>4.127</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .396; F=<sub>3.899</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .710) tasks were achieved with the combined CAF and THE intake, leading to a significant reduction in error rates compared to PLA. Based on these findings, it has been demonstrated in this study that the best shooting scores and cognitive performance were achieved, particularly with the combined intake of CAF and THE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on these findings, it has been demonstrated in this study that the best shooting scores and cognitive performance were achieved, particularly with the combined intake of CAF and THE. The combined use of these supplements has been found to be more effective on shooting and cognitive performance than their single use.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"20 1","pages":"2267536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/01/01/RSSN_20_2267536.PMC10566444.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of single or combined caffeine and L-Theanine supplementation on shooting and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.\",\"authors\":\"Umut Yilmaz, Yusuf Buzdagli, Muhammed Lütfü Polat, Yusuf Bakir, Burak Ozhanci, Sena Alkazan, Halil Ucar\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/15502783.2023.2267536\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous studies have investigated the effect of single or combined caffeine (CAF) and L-theanine (THE) intake on attention performance. However, its effect on shooting performance and cognitive performance in a sport is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis \\\"Does single or combined CAF and THE supplementation have an effect on shooting and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes?.\\\" It is predicted that over the next decade, studies based on nutritional ergogenic supplements in the developing sport of curling will continue to increase, leading to a significant increase in studies examining the effects of CAF and THE supplementation, alone or in combination, on throwing and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this double-blind, randomized controlled crossover study, twenty-two elite national curling athletes (age 20.20 ± 1.61 and sports age 6.20 ± 0.51 years, height 174.10 ± 7.21 cm, BMI 21.80 ± 3.47 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly assigned to CAF (6 mg/kg single dose CAF), THE (6 mg/kg single dose THE), CAF*THE (6 mg/kg CAF and 6 mg/kg THE combined) and PLA (400 mg maltodextrin) groups at each of four sessions. 60 minutes after taking the supplement, the athletes were first given the Stroop test and then asked to shoot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our main findings have shown that the performance of athletes in guard (F=<sub>3.452</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .842), draw (F=<sub>1.647</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .485), and take-out (F=<sub>3.121</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .743) shot styles significantly improved when comparing the combined intake of CAF and THE to the PLA. Regarding cognitive performance evaluation through the Stroop test, during the NR task (F=<sub>4.743</sub>, <i>P</i> = .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .653), the combined intake of CAF and THE significantly improved reaction times compared to the intake of single CAF, THE, or PLA. The best reaction times during the CR and ICR (respectively; F=<sub>2.742</sub>, <i>P</i> = .004, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .328; F = 1.632, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .625) tasks were achieved with the combined CAF and THE intake, showing a significant improvement compared to PLA. During the NER (F=<sub>2.961</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .741), task, the combined intake of CAF and THE significantly improved error rates compared to the intake of CAF, THE, or PLA single. The best accuracy rates during the CER and ICER (respectively; F=<sub>4.127</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .396; F=<sub>3.899</sub>, <i>P</i> < .001, η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = .710) tasks were achieved with the combined CAF and THE intake, leading to a significant reduction in error rates compared to PLA. Based on these findings, it has been demonstrated in this study that the best shooting scores and cognitive performance were achieved, particularly with the combined intake of CAF and THE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on these findings, it has been demonstrated in this study that the best shooting scores and cognitive performance were achieved, particularly with the combined intake of CAF and THE. The combined use of these supplements has been found to be more effective on shooting and cognitive performance than their single use.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17400,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition\",\"volume\":\"20 1\",\"pages\":\"2267536\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/01/01/RSSN_20_2267536.PMC10566444.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2023.2267536\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2023/10/10 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NUTRITION & DIETETICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2023.2267536","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/10/10 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of single or combined caffeine and L-Theanine supplementation on shooting and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Purpose: Previous studies have investigated the effect of single or combined caffeine (CAF) and L-theanine (THE) intake on attention performance. However, its effect on shooting performance and cognitive performance in a sport is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis "Does single or combined CAF and THE supplementation have an effect on shooting and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes?." It is predicted that over the next decade, studies based on nutritional ergogenic supplements in the developing sport of curling will continue to increase, leading to a significant increase in studies examining the effects of CAF and THE supplementation, alone or in combination, on throwing and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes.
Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled crossover study, twenty-two elite national curling athletes (age 20.20 ± 1.61 and sports age 6.20 ± 0.51 years, height 174.10 ± 7.21 cm, BMI 21.80 ± 3.47 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to CAF (6 mg/kg single dose CAF), THE (6 mg/kg single dose THE), CAF*THE (6 mg/kg CAF and 6 mg/kg THE combined) and PLA (400 mg maltodextrin) groups at each of four sessions. 60 minutes after taking the supplement, the athletes were first given the Stroop test and then asked to shoot.
Results: Our main findings have shown that the performance of athletes in guard (F=3.452, P < .001, ηp2 = .842), draw (F=1.647, P < .001, ηp2 = .485), and take-out (F=3.121, P < .001, ηp2 = .743) shot styles significantly improved when comparing the combined intake of CAF and THE to the PLA. Regarding cognitive performance evaluation through the Stroop test, during the NR task (F=4.743, P = .001, ηp2 = .653), the combined intake of CAF and THE significantly improved reaction times compared to the intake of single CAF, THE, or PLA. The best reaction times during the CR and ICR (respectively; F=2.742, P = .004, ηp2 = .328; F = 1.632, P < .001, ηp2 = .625) tasks were achieved with the combined CAF and THE intake, showing a significant improvement compared to PLA. During the NER (F=2.961, P < .001, ηp2 = .741), task, the combined intake of CAF and THE significantly improved error rates compared to the intake of CAF, THE, or PLA single. The best accuracy rates during the CER and ICER (respectively; F=4.127, P < .001, ηp2 = .396; F=3.899, P < .001, ηp2 = .710) tasks were achieved with the combined CAF and THE intake, leading to a significant reduction in error rates compared to PLA. Based on these findings, it has been demonstrated in this study that the best shooting scores and cognitive performance were achieved, particularly with the combined intake of CAF and THE.
Conclusions: Based on these findings, it has been demonstrated in this study that the best shooting scores and cognitive performance were achieved, particularly with the combined intake of CAF and THE. The combined use of these supplements has been found to be more effective on shooting and cognitive performance than their single use.
期刊介绍:
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (JISSN) focuses on the acute and chronic effects of sports nutrition and supplementation strategies on body composition, physical performance and metabolism. JISSN is aimed at researchers and sport enthusiasts focused on delivering knowledge on exercise and nutrition on health, disease, rehabilitation, training, and performance. The journal provides a platform on which readers can determine nutritional strategies that may enhance exercise and/or training adaptations leading to improved health and performance.