[The polycystic ovary syndrome--metabolic consequences].

Objective: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with insulin resistance. This article aims to demonstrate the metabolic consequences following insulin resistance in PCOS-affected women and the need of intervention. Methods: A systematic review of the published literature, using the MEDLINE database, was conducted to identify studies assessing the prevalence of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in PCOS patients. Results: Besides the classic cardiovascular risk factors like insulin resistance, visceral obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension, patients with PCOS also show elevated markers of chronic inflammation and are often suffering from subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Patients with PCOS are at high risk for developing impaired glucose tolerance and show a distinct cardiovascular risk profile. Therefore, the early identification of affected patients and the institution of lifestyle changes or pharmacological treatments may help delay the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.