Ivan Sokolov and his post-mortem studies of the “Hairy Woman” Julia Pastrana and her son

In this article we document the role of Ivan Matveevich Sokolov, anatomy professor at Moscow University, in the mummification of Julia Pastrana, born in Mexico (afterwards an American citizen by marriage), and her son. Sokolov had investigated and described the corpse of this famous “hairy woman” as an example of a congenital anomaly of the genus Homo. Due to the art of Sokolov’s embalming, the mummies of Julia and her son were presented to the scientific world, which made it possible to study similar cases of deformity in the human population. However, the historical role of Sokolov was not limited to his study of a congenital disease. His thorough postmortem examination and description of Pastrana’s and her son’s bodies allowed Sokolov to make an indirect contribution to evolutionary thought. Sokolov’s confirmation that Pastrana belonged to the genus Homo refuted all speculation about her hybrid origins and status as a missing link in the evolution of apes into humans.