Cheuk C Au, Kam L Hon, Alexander K C Leung, Alcy R Torres
{"title":"儿童感染性脑炎:临床特征、调查、治疗和最新专利综述。","authors":"Cheuk C Au, Kam L Hon, Alexander K C Leung, Alcy R Torres","doi":"10.2174/1872213X14999201124195724","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious encephalitis is a serious and challenging condition to manage. This overview summarizes the current literature regarding the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and recent patents of acute childhood infectious encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used PubMed Clinical Queries as a search engine and used keywords of \"encephalitis\" AND \"childhood\" Patents were searched using the key term \"encephalitis\" in google.patents.- com and patentsonline.com.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Viral encephalitis is the most common cause of acute infectious encephalitis in children. In young children, the clinical manifestations can be non-specific. Provision of empiric antimicrobial therapy until a specific infectious organism has been identified, which in most cases includes acyclovir, is the cornerstone of therapy. Advanced investigation tools, including nucleic acid-based test panel and metagenomic next-generation sequencing, improve the diagnostic yield of identifying an infectious organism. Supportive therapy includes adequate airway and oxygenation, fluid and electrolyte balance, cerebral perfusion pressure support, and seizure control. Recent patents are related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute infectious encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Viral encephalitis is the most common cause of acute infectious encephalitis in children and is associated with significant morbidity. Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis and immunological correlation of infectious encephalitis may improve treatment. Third-tier diagnostic tests may be incorporated into clinical practice. Treatment is targeted at the infectious process but remains mostly supportive. However, specific antimicrobial agents and vaccines development is ongoing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20960,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Childhood Infectious Encephalitis: An Overview of Clinical Features, Investigations, Treatment, and Recent Patents.\",\"authors\":\"Cheuk C Au, Kam L Hon, Alexander K C Leung, Alcy R Torres\",\"doi\":\"10.2174/1872213X14999201124195724\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious encephalitis is a serious and challenging condition to manage. This overview summarizes the current literature regarding the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and recent patents of acute childhood infectious encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used PubMed Clinical Queries as a search engine and used keywords of \\\"encephalitis\\\" AND \\\"childhood\\\" Patents were searched using the key term \\\"encephalitis\\\" in google.patents.- com and patentsonline.com.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Viral encephalitis is the most common cause of acute infectious encephalitis in children. In young children, the clinical manifestations can be non-specific. Provision of empiric antimicrobial therapy until a specific infectious organism has been identified, which in most cases includes acyclovir, is the cornerstone of therapy. Advanced investigation tools, including nucleic acid-based test panel and metagenomic next-generation sequencing, improve the diagnostic yield of identifying an infectious organism. Supportive therapy includes adequate airway and oxygenation, fluid and electrolyte balance, cerebral perfusion pressure support, and seizure control. Recent patents are related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute infectious encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Viral encephalitis is the most common cause of acute infectious encephalitis in children and is associated with significant morbidity. Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis and immunological correlation of infectious encephalitis may improve treatment. Third-tier diagnostic tests may be incorporated into clinical practice. Treatment is targeted at the infectious process but remains mostly supportive. However, specific antimicrobial agents and vaccines development is ongoing.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20960,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X14999201124195724\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X14999201124195724","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","Score":null,"Total":0}
Childhood Infectious Encephalitis: An Overview of Clinical Features, Investigations, Treatment, and Recent Patents.
Background: Infectious encephalitis is a serious and challenging condition to manage. This overview summarizes the current literature regarding the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and recent patents of acute childhood infectious encephalitis.
Methods: We used PubMed Clinical Queries as a search engine and used keywords of "encephalitis" AND "childhood" Patents were searched using the key term "encephalitis" in google.patents.- com and patentsonline.com.
Results: Viral encephalitis is the most common cause of acute infectious encephalitis in children. In young children, the clinical manifestations can be non-specific. Provision of empiric antimicrobial therapy until a specific infectious organism has been identified, which in most cases includes acyclovir, is the cornerstone of therapy. Advanced investigation tools, including nucleic acid-based test panel and metagenomic next-generation sequencing, improve the diagnostic yield of identifying an infectious organism. Supportive therapy includes adequate airway and oxygenation, fluid and electrolyte balance, cerebral perfusion pressure support, and seizure control. Recent patents are related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute infectious encephalitis.
Conclusion: Viral encephalitis is the most common cause of acute infectious encephalitis in children and is associated with significant morbidity. Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis and immunological correlation of infectious encephalitis may improve treatment. Third-tier diagnostic tests may be incorporated into clinical practice. Treatment is targeted at the infectious process but remains mostly supportive. However, specific antimicrobial agents and vaccines development is ongoing.
期刊介绍:
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery publishes review articles by experts on recent patents in the field of inflammation and allergy drug discovery e.g. on novel bioactive compounds, analogs and targets. A selection of important and recent patents in the field is also included in the journal. The journal is essential reading for all researchers involved in inflammation and allergy drug design and discovery.