评估增强子功能和转录。

IF 12.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Annual review of biochemistry Pub Date : 2020-06-20 Epub Date: 2020-03-20 DOI:10.1146/annurev-biochem-011420-095916
Andrew Field, Karen Adelman
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引用次数: 99

摘要

细胞类型和条件特异性基因表达谱需要蛋白质编码基因启动子和称为增强子的顺式调控序列之间的协调。增强子可以在距离目标基因组很远的地方刺激基因活性,这就提出了增强子如何与特定的基因启动子交流以及增强子功能背后的分子机制的问题。增强子位点的表征已经确定了伴随转录因子结合和染色质局部打开的活性增强子的分子特征。这些特征包括共激活子募集、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA转录。然而,目前尚不清楚这些特征中的哪一个在功能上有助于增强子的活性。在这里,我们讨论了关于增强子如何调节它们的靶基因以及增强子和启动子如何交流的已知信息。此外,我们描述了最近的数据表明增强子和它们控制的基因启动子之间有许多相似之处,我们强调了该领域未解决的问题,例如增强子转录的潜在作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluating Enhancer Function and Transcription.

Cell-type- and condition-specific profiles of gene expression require coordination between protein-coding gene promoters and cis-regulatory sequences called enhancers. Enhancers can stimulate gene activity at great genomic distances from their targets, raising questions about how enhancers communicate with specific gene promoters and what molecular mechanisms underlie enhancer function. Characterization of enhancer loci has identified the molecular features of active enhancers that accompany the binding of transcription factors and local opening of chromatin. These characteristics include coactivator recruitment, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA transcription. However, it remains unclear which of these features functionally contribute to enhancer activity. Here, we discuss what is known about how enhancers regulate their target genes and how enhancers and promoters communicate. Further, we describe recent data demonstrating many similarities between enhancers and the gene promoters they control, and we highlight unanswered questions in the field, such as the potential roles of transcription at enhancers.

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来源期刊
Annual review of biochemistry
Annual review of biochemistry 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
33.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Biochemistry, in publication since 1932, sets the standard for review articles in biological chemistry and molecular biology. Since its inception, these volumes have served as an indispensable resource for both the practicing biochemist and students of biochemistry.
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