Shaun K Y Goh, Hwajin Yang, Stella Tsotsi, Anqi Qiu, Yap-Seng Chong, Kok Hian Tan, Lynette Shek Pei-Chi, Birit F P Broekman, Anne Rifkin-Graboi
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引用次数: 2
摘要
越来越多的证据表明,早期语言问题与多动症(一种与执行功能缺陷相关的疾病)之间存在潜在的联系。然而,人们对双语儿童的这种联系知之甚少。在这里,我们调查是否(i)从语言到ADHD的预测在双语者中可能较低,以及(ii)探索这种调节是否可以用不同的执行功能能力来解释。利用408名东南亚幼儿的前瞻性样本,双语暴露作为24个月的语言延迟与54个月的ADHD中间诊断之间联系的调节因素,首先通过相互作用模型进行了检验。其次,结构方程介导的调节模型检验了41个月儿童零食延迟和维度变化卡片排序(DCCS)任务的执行功能测量是否可以解释所提出的调节。结果表明,较高水平的双语暴露降低了语言延迟对ADHD诊断的预期风险(主要是单语言暴露OR = 6.37;p = 0.011;主要是双语暴露(OR = 0.30, p = 0.156)。因此,在主要接触一种而不是两种语言的幼儿中,语言延迟与多动症有关。然而,这不能用不同的执行功能来解释,因为这种调节并不是由零食延迟或DCCS的表现来调节的。出乎意料的是,在典型语言发育的幼儿中,双语接触与多动症有关。本文还讨论了可能的解释,包括双语儿童和单语儿童之间社会耻辱程度的差异和语言延迟的持续存在,以及双语作为ADHD的额外认知负荷。
Mitigation of a Prospective Association Between Early Language Delay at Toddlerhood and ADHD Among Bilingual Preschoolers: Evidence from the GUSTO Cohort.
There is accumulating evidence of a prospective relation between early language problems and ADHD, a disorder associated with deficits in executive functioning. However, little is known regarding this link among bilingual children. Here, we investigate whether (i) the prediction from language to ADHD may be lower among bilinguals, and (ii) explore if this moderation can be explained by differential executive functioning ability. Utilising a prospective sample of 408 South-East Asian toddlers, bilingual exposure as a moderator of the link between language delay at 24 months to ADHD intermediate diagnosis at 54 months was first examined with an interaction model. Next, structural equation mediated moderation models examined if the proposed moderation could be explained by executive function measures of Snack Delay and Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task, when children were 41 months. Results indicate that higher levels of bilingual exposure moderated the prospective risk of language delay to ADHD diagnosis (Predominantly single-language exposed OR = 6.37; p = .011; Predominantly dual-language exposed OR = 0.30, p = .156). Thus, language delay associated with ADHD among toddlers predominantly exposed to one but not two languages. However, this could not be explained by differential executive functioning, as this moderation was not mediated by performance on Snack Delay or DCCS. Unexpectedly, bilingual exposure associated with ADHD among toddlers of typical language development. Possible explanations, including variation in the degree of social stigma and persistence of language delay between bilingual and monolingual children, and bilingualism as an additional cognitive load for ADHD, are discussed.
期刊介绍:
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology brings together the latest innovative research that advances knowledge of psychopathology from infancy through adolescence. The journal publishes studies that have a strong theoretical framework and use a diversity of methods, with an emphasis on empirical studies of the major forms of psychopathology found in childhood disorders (e.g., disruptive behavior disorders, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder). Studies focus on the epidemiology, etiology, assessment, treatment, prognosis, and developmental course of these forms of psychopathology. Studies highlighting risk and protective factors; the ecology and correlates of children''s emotional, social, and behavior problems; and advances in prevention and treatment are featured.
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology is the official journal of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (ISRCAP), a multidisciplinary scientific society.