Correcting the R165K substitution in the first voltage-sensor of CaV1.1 right-shifts the voltage-dependence of skeletal muscle calcium channel activation.

The voltage-gated calcium channel Ca_V1.1a primarily functions as voltage-sensor in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. In embryonic muscle the splice variant Ca_V1.1e, which lacks exon 29, additionally function as a genuine L-type calcium channel. Because previous work in most laboratories used a Ca_V1.1 expression plasmid containing a single amino acid substitution (R165K) of a critical gating charge in the first voltage-sensing domain (VSD), we corrected this substitution and analyzed its effects on the gating properties of the L-type calcium currents in dysgenic myotubes. Reverting K165 to R right-shifted the voltage-dependence of activation by ~12 mV in both Ca_V1.1 splice variants without changing their current amplitudes or kinetics. This demonstrates the exquisite sensitivity of the voltage-sensor function to changes in the specific amino acid side chains independent of their charge. Our results further indicate the cooperativity of VSDs I and IV in determining the voltage-sensitivity of Ca_V1.1 channel gating.