老鼠在强迫选择和自由选择自动塑造中的奖励变化。

IF 1.3 4区 心理学
Shannon E Conrad, Mauricio R Papini
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引用次数: 12

摘要

连续负对比(SNC)涉及到当配对奖励出乎意料地从大减少到小时,相对于总是得到小奖励的对照组,行为中断。五个大鼠实验探讨了巴甫洛夫自动成形过程中的SNC,其中可伸缩杠杆与食物颗粒的递送配对。在实验1中,无论是在训练早期(3次训练后)还是在训练后期(20次训练后),12比2的颗粒降档都没有产生显著的SNC证据,无论是在杠杆按压还是目标进入方面。实验2表明,在训练早期的非强化测试中,压力喂养(另一种形式的奖励贬值)抑制了杠杆按压。然而,在训练后期没有发现杠杆按压抑制的统计证据。如果测试阶段包括强化,压入也会抑制训练后期的杠杆压入。实验3采用奖励降档,结果表明,在降档过程中,增加非目标杠杆不会产生对目标杠杆的反应抑制的统计证据。杠杆对目标杠杆的压力增加,目标进入在12比2的颗粒降档后趋于减少。采用受试者内设计和两个具有不同奖励值的目标杠杆(实验4),奖励降档在单杠杆试验中产生了杠杆按压增强的证据,但在非强化自由选择试验中产生了杠杆按压抑制和偏好切换的证据。实验5重复了这些被试内部的SNC效应,但发现只有少量证据表明自由选择行为中存在连续的积极对比效应。这些结果表明,在强迫选择情境下,大鼠的自塑形诱导反应增强,而在自由选择情境下,诱导反应抑制。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c) 2018 APA,版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Reward shifts in forced-choice and free-choice autoshaping with rats.

Successive negative contrast (SNC) involves a disruption of behavior when the paired reward is unexpectedly reduced from a large to a small amount, relative to a control always receiving the small amount. Five experiments with rats explored SNC in the Pavlovian autoshaping procedure in which a retractable lever is paired with the delivery of food pellets. In Experiment 1, a 12-to-2 pellet downshift either early in training (after 3 sessions) or late in training (after 20 sessions) yielded no significant evidence of SNC either in terms of lever pressing or goal entries. Experiment 2 showed that presession feeding (another form of reward devaluation) suppressed lever pressing in nonreinforced tests early in training. However, no statistical evidence of lever pressing suppression was found late in training. Presession feeding also suppressed lever pressing late in training if the test session included reinforcements. Experiment 3, using reward downshift, showed that adding a nontarget lever produced no statistical evidence of response suppression to the target lever during the downshift. Lever pressing to the target lever increased and goal entries tended to decrease after a 12-to-2 pellet downshift. Using a within-subject design and two target levers with distinct reward values (Experiment 4), reward downshift produced evidence of lever pressing enhancement in single-lever trials, but lever pressing suppression and a switch in preference to the unshifted lever in nonreinforced free-choice trials. Experiment 5 replicated these within-subject SNC effects, but found only modest evidence for a successive positive contrast effect in free-choice behavior. These results suggest that autoshaping in rats may induce response invigoration in forced-choice situations, but response suppression in free-choice situations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

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来源期刊
自引率
23.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.
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