[ADENYLYL CYCLASE SIGNALING SYSTEM IN THE LIVER AND PANCREAS INNORM AND IN DIABETIC PATHOLOGY].

The adenylyl cyclase signaling system (ACSS) mediates the regulatory effects of many hormones on cell and controls a wide spectrum of physiological functions. In the liver ACSS is involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, and controls cell survival. In the endocrine pancreas the regulation of the main function of ß-cells, such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is carried out via this system. Soluble forms of adenylyl cyclase, along with the membrane-bound forms of the enzyme, play an important role in the control of cAMP level in ß-cells. In diabetes mellitus (DM), the disturbances in the different components of ACSS in hepatocytes and ß-cells are observed. Their identification is essential for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetic diseases, especially type 2 DM, in which the ACSS-mediated regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver, and cAMP-dependent insulin secretion in the ß-cells are impaired. In the review the structural-functional organization and regulatory properties of ACSS in the liver and endocrine pancreas, and also the disturbances occurring in this system in DM are analyzed.