Effect of cardiac rehabilitation on cardiovascular risk factors in chronic heart failure patients

Introduction

Cardiac rehabilitation improves disease-related symptoms, quality of life, and clinical outcomes. This study was done to evaluate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation program on cardiovascular risk factors in chronic heart failure patients as well as functional capacity and health related quality of life.

Methods

The study was conducted on 80 Patients with chronic stable heart failure. All patients had full history and thorough physical examination. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and echocardiography, all of which were done before and after recruitment in a 2 months cardiac rehabilitation program (through prescribed exercise training, 2 sessions/week for 2 months). The changes in functional capacity were evaluated by 6-min walk test (6MWT) and the changes in the health related quality of life were measured by Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLHFQ), both were done before and after the rehabilitation program.

Results

There was a highly significant reduction in the blood pressure, heart rate, BMI, waist circumference, the smokers’ number and the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant reductions in low density lipoproteins (LDL), Triglycerides (P > 0.05). Highly significant improvements were noted in the functional capacity and the health related quality of life as evidenced by improvement in the 6MWT and the MLHFQ scores (total score, physical and psychological domains, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Cardiac rehabilitation had a significant improvement of cardiovascular risk factors, functional capacity and Health related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure.