The endocannabinoid system in the visual process

An increasing number of articles have been published in recent years on the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in different cellular processes. Here we review and discuss findings on the ECS in visual processing and present the structure of the retina. We focus on the photoreceptor cell and the events that occur in the phototransduction process, considering the conformational light-induced changes in rhodopsin and in particular its chromophore (11-cis retinal). Advances in the distribution and function of the endocannabinoid system in the retina with special reference to its function in the physiological light process are also addressed, as is the relationship between rhodopsin, retinal pathologies and the ECS.