{"title":"乙醇作为主动回避范式中的负强化物","authors":"Larry A. Grupp","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90075-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1) Two groups of rats were trained to jump a hurdle in order to avoid the intravenous infusion of either 800 mg/kg ethanol or saline.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2) In Phase I, with the hurdle height fixed at 9″, none of the animals acquired the avoidance response. In Phase II, where the hurdle height was slowly increased from 1″ to a maximum of 10″, all of the animals receiving ethanol but none of the animals receiving saline acquired the avoidance response.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3) This finding suggests that some properties of ethanol are aversive and can motivate the acquisition of an active avoidance response.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 241-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90075-8","citationCount":"8","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Ethanol as the negative reinforcer in an active avoidance paradigm\",\"authors\":\"Larry A. Grupp\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90075-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1) Two groups of rats were trained to jump a hurdle in order to avoid the intravenous infusion of either 800 mg/kg ethanol or saline.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2) In Phase I, with the hurdle height fixed at 9″, none of the animals acquired the avoidance response. In Phase II, where the hurdle height was slowly increased from 1″ to a maximum of 10″, all of the animals receiving ethanol but none of the animals receiving saline acquired the avoidance response.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3) This finding suggests that some properties of ethanol are aversive and can motivate the acquisition of an active avoidance response.</p></span></li></ul></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20801,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology\",\"volume\":\"5 3\",\"pages\":\"Pages 241-244\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1981-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90075-8\",\"citationCount\":\"8\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0364772281900758\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0364772281900758","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethanol as the negative reinforcer in an active avoidance paradigm
1.
1) Two groups of rats were trained to jump a hurdle in order to avoid the intravenous infusion of either 800 mg/kg ethanol or saline.
2.
2) In Phase I, with the hurdle height fixed at 9″, none of the animals acquired the avoidance response. In Phase II, where the hurdle height was slowly increased from 1″ to a maximum of 10″, all of the animals receiving ethanol but none of the animals receiving saline acquired the avoidance response.
3.
3) This finding suggests that some properties of ethanol are aversive and can motivate the acquisition of an active avoidance response.
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