Association of Duane retraction syndrome with craniofacial malformations.

Specific forms of ocular motor disturbances, such as Duane syndrome, occur with sufficient frequency in certain syndromes that the timing, location, and nature of the developmental disturbance may be established. The presence of this characteristic type of strabismus in a number of cases of hemifacial microsomia, especially the Goldenhar variants, may provide insight into the developmental disturbances of this large, complex group of patients. Evaluation of specific abnormalities of affected patients from the perspective of one discipline may further aid in the "lumping" or "splitting" process.