8 .卵母细胞成熟抑制剂

A. Tsafriri, S.H. Pomerantz
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引用次数: 70

摘要

促性腺激素的排卵前激增诱导成熟卵泡内的一系列变化,最终释放出可受精的卵子。这些包括减数分裂的恢复,这是一个在出生后很短时间内暂停的过程,以及卵母细胞从决定期进入第二次减数分裂的中期。本文综述了卵泡因子,卵母细胞成熟抑制剂(OMI)在促性腺激素激增之前防止卵泡恢复减数分裂中的作用。OMI参与减数分裂的调节是基于以下观察:(1)从卵泡中移出的完全成熟的哺乳动物卵母细胞会自发地进行减数分裂成熟,而卵泡封闭的卵子在受到刺激之前仍未成熟;(2)卵泡分离卵母细胞与卵泡颗粒细胞、颗粒细胞提取物和卵泡液共培养可抑制自发成熟;(3) OMI对卵母细胞成熟的抑制是可逆的,并且在一些模型中可以通过添加减数分裂的生理触发物黄体生成素(LH)来消除。描述了OMI的表征和纯化的现状,并讨论了其他因素,如环AMP,参与减数分裂的调节。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
8 Oocyte maturation inhibitor

The preovulatory surge of gonadotropins induces within the mature Graafian follicle a series of changes culminating in the release of a fertilizable ovum. These include resumption of the meiotic division, a process held in abeyance from a short time after birth and the progression of the oocyte from the dictyate stage to the metaphase of the second meiotic division. Here the role of a follicular factor, oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI), in preventing resumption of meiosis by ova of antral follicles prior to the surge of gonadotropins has been reviewed.

The suggested involvement of OMI in regulation of meiosis is based on the following observations: (1) fully grown mammalian oocytes explanted from their follicles undergo meiotic maturation spontaneously, whereas follicle-enclosed ova remain immature until stimulated; (2) co-culture of oocytes isolated from their follicles with follicular granulosa cells, granulosa cell extract and follicular fluid inhibits the spontaneous maturation; (3) the inhibition of oocyte maturation by OMI is reversible and in several of the models employed can be removed by the addition of the physiological trigger of meiosis, luteinizing hormone (LH). The current state of OMI characterization and purification has been described and the involvement of additional factors, such as cyclic AMP, in the regulation of meiosis discussed.

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