Judicial and Ethical Dimensions of Sexual Harassment Allegations Against Physicians: A Content Analysis of Supreme Court Decisions in Turkey.

Background: Sexual harassment allegations against physicians undermine trust in healthcare and present significant ethical and legal challenges. While such issues are widely discussed in the context of professional conduct, systematic analyses of judicial decisions-particularly in non-Western settings-remain limited.

Aim: This study aims to analyze Turkish Supreme Court decisions involving sexual harassment allegations by physicians toward their patients, focusing on identifying patterns, associated risk factors, and ethical implications.

Methods: A total of 46 Supreme Court judgments (2009-2024) were identified using the Lexpera database, employing keywords such as "harassment by physician" and "harassment during medical examination." Each case was evaluated according to physician specialty, nature of the act (penetrative vs nonpenetrative), examination context, witness presence, and judicial outcomes (conviction, acquittal, or reversal).

Results: Most incidents occurred in public hospitals, and the majority of patients were female. Physicians most frequently accused belonged to family medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and radiology specialties. Documentation of informed consent and the presence of witnesses was rare. Allegations often involved genital examinations performed without explicit consent. While 69.7% of local court decisions resulted in convictions, only 39.4% were upheld by the Supreme Court.

Conclusion: Clear communication, standardized informed consent procedures, and the presence of witnesses during sensitive examinations are essential in preventing both misconduct and false accusations. These findings underscore the ethical importance of transparency and institutional safeguards and highlight the need for proactive policies to protect both patients and physicians.