[Virtual Cross-match in Lung Transplantation].

Organ transplantation involves an immune response, and prevention of rejection leads to long-term survival after organ transplantation. In Japan, a physical cross-match (PXM) is performed before organ allocation, in which the donor's lymphocytes are reacted with the recipient's serum, and if an immune response is confirmed, the recipient is excluded from the organ allocation. In other countries, virtual cross-match (VXM) is performed, which is simpler and more accurate, but also has aspects that are difficult to interpret. This article outlines the flow of immunological testing in clinical practice, and describes the principles and practice of physical and virtual cross-match.