Davide Corbetta, Elisabetta Sarasso, Andrea Gardoni, Lucia Zenere, Roberta Balestrino, Bouwien Smits-Engelsman, Elisa Pelosin, Massimo Filippi, Federica Agosta
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Two independent raters evaluated writing speed, letter size, and handwriting quality according to the SOS test criteria. Correlations between the Italian SOS test scores, fine motor skills, and PD characteristics were analysed using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient (ρ). Group comparisons were adjusted for education level using ANCOVA. Intrarater and interrater reliability were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) or Kendall's Tau (Kτ) coefficient depending on data distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Italian version of the SOS test showed significant correlations between writing speed and fine motor skills in pwPD (ρ = 0.40; p = 0.016). PwPD showed significantly smaller letter size (η<sup>2</sup>p = 0.15; p = 0.006), lower writing speed (η<sup>2</sup>p = 0.18; p = 0.002), and lower writing quality (η<sup>2</sup>p = 0.12; p = 0.015) compared to HC. Intrarater reliability was excellent (ICCs > 0.990 and Kτ > 0.762 for pwPD; ICCs > 0.923 for HC), as was interrater reliability (ICCs > 0.860 and Kτ = 0.999 for pwPD; ICCs > 0.925 for HC).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Italian version of the SOS test is a valid and reliable tool for clinically assessing handwriting in Italian-speaking pwPD.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ : NCT04876352, prospectively registered on May 6th 2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":16558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology","volume":"272 9","pages":"620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Construct validity, intrarater and interrater reliability of the Italian version of the systematic screening of handwriting difficulties (SOS) test in people with Parkinson's disease.\",\"authors\":\"Davide Corbetta, Elisabetta Sarasso, Andrea Gardoni, Lucia Zenere, Roberta Balestrino, Bouwien Smits-Engelsman, Elisa Pelosin, Massimo Filippi, Federica Agosta\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00415-025-13365-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The \\\"Systematic Screening of Handwriting Difficulties in Parkinson's Disease\\\" (SOS) test is the only tool specifically designed to evaluate handwriting in people with Parkinson's Disease (pwPD). 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：“帕金森病患者书写困难系统筛查”（SOS）测试是唯一专门用于评估帕金森病患者书写困难的工具。它是特定于语言的。目的：评价意大利语版SOS量表的构念效度、量表内信度和量表间信度。方法：35名pwPD和15名健康对照（HC）完成意大利版SOS测试。参与者用笔在空白纸上抄写一篇5分钟的意大利语课文。两名独立评分员根据SOS测试标准评估书写速度、字体大小和书写质量。采用Spearman’s Rho相关系数（ρ）分析意大利语SOS测试成绩、精细运动技能和PD特征之间的相关性。各组比较采用ANCOVA调整教育水平。根据数据分布，使用类内相关系数（ICC）或Kendall's Tau （Kτ）系数计算组内和组间信度。结果：意大利语版SOS测验显示，pwPD的书写速度与精细运动技能之间存在显著相关（ρ = 0.40; p = 0.016）。与HC相比，PwPD的字母大小（η2p = 0.15, p = 0.006）、书写速度（η2p = 0.18, p = 0.002）和书写质量（η2p = 0.12, p = 0.015）均显著小于HC。内部信度极佳（pwPD为ICCs > 0.990, Kτ > 0.762； HC为ICCs > 0.923），内部信度极佳（pwPD为ICCs > 0.860, Kτ = 0.999； HC为ICCs > 0.925）。结论：意大利语版SOS测验是临床评估意大利语pwPD笔迹的有效、可靠的工具。临床试验注册：https://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT04876352，预计于2021年5月6日注册。
Construct validity, intrarater and interrater reliability of the Italian version of the systematic screening of handwriting difficulties (SOS) test in people with Parkinson's disease.
Background: The "Systematic Screening of Handwriting Difficulties in Parkinson's Disease" (SOS) test is the only tool specifically designed to evaluate handwriting in people with Parkinson's Disease (pwPD). It is language specific.
Objective: To assess the construct validity, intrarater and interrater reliability of the Italian version of the SOS test.
Methods: Thirty-five pwPD and 15 healthy controls (HC) completed the Italian version of the SOS test. Participants copied an Italian text for 5 min on blank paper using a pen. Two independent raters evaluated writing speed, letter size, and handwriting quality according to the SOS test criteria. Correlations between the Italian SOS test scores, fine motor skills, and PD characteristics were analysed using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient (ρ). Group comparisons were adjusted for education level using ANCOVA. Intrarater and interrater reliability were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) or Kendall's Tau (Kτ) coefficient depending on data distribution.
Results: The Italian version of the SOS test showed significant correlations between writing speed and fine motor skills in pwPD (ρ = 0.40; p = 0.016). PwPD showed significantly smaller letter size (η2p = 0.15; p = 0.006), lower writing speed (η2p = 0.18; p = 0.002), and lower writing quality (η2p = 0.12; p = 0.015) compared to HC. Intrarater reliability was excellent (ICCs > 0.990 and Kτ > 0.762 for pwPD; ICCs > 0.923 for HC), as was interrater reliability (ICCs > 0.860 and Kτ = 0.999 for pwPD; ICCs > 0.925 for HC).
Conclusion: The Italian version of the SOS test is a valid and reliable tool for clinically assessing handwriting in Italian-speaking pwPD.
Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ : NCT04876352, prospectively registered on May 6th 2021.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Neurology is an international peer-reviewed journal which provides a source for publishing original communications and reviews on clinical neurology covering the whole field.
In addition, Letters to the Editors serve as a forum for clinical cases and the exchange of ideas which highlight important new findings. A section on Neurological progress serves to summarise the major findings in certain fields of neurology. Commentaries on new developments in clinical neuroscience, which may be commissioned or submitted, are published as editorials.
Every neurologist interested in the current diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders needs access to the information contained in this valuable journal.
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