Effect of temperature on the structure and properties of a liquid

The work explores the physical concept of structure-phase states of water and water solutions low-stable to external impacts. The concept provides a way to understand the physical principles behind various effects in water and water solutions. In particular, this approach allows the role of external impacts (temperature, mechanical shaking, etc.) in the Epstein effect to be explained. The thermodynamic and phase stability analysis of physical systems is used to propose an adequate mechanism of system transition to a new structure-phase state under a weak external impact. Moreover, in spite of the fact that the external impact is weak, it can lead to considerable structure-phase changes in the system state, since the structural units in the initial and final states, although close thermodynamically, can differ significantly in symmetry. The physical reasons for the poor reproducibility of the results of studying the characteristics of the structure of water and aqueous solutions at ultra-high dilution are discussed together with the value of the low external impact required for the transition to the new structure-phase state.