LES investigation on the interaction between vortex cavitation and leading-edge cavitation in a cone valve

In this paper, the interaction between vortex cavitation (VC) and leading-edge cavitation (LEC) in the cone valve for the hydraulic ship lift system is investigated utilizing the Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Predicted results are validated by comparing the experimental data, and a good agreement is obtained. Two types of cavitation, LEC and VC, are identified in the cone valve. The unsteady LEC detaches from the cone surface to form the Ring-like cavity, while VC initiates within shedding vortices of the sleeve. Their strong interaction causes the formation, accelerated collapse, and secondary growth of the Ring-like cavity. Moreover, a dynamic equilibrium equation is derived, indicating that vortex and pressure gradient forces induce cavity interface deformation and trigger fractures. The combined interaction of enhanced fluid-mechanical forces elevates the drag and vibrations, and flow losses of the cone valve. Finally, momentum transfer analysis reveals that accelerated collapse results from dissipative-driven momentum intensification, and secondary growth increases momentum through reduced dissipation and vortex merging-induced low-pressure effects. The strong interaction between VC and LEC significantly amplifies local momentum within the cone valve, directly altering its dynamic response by increasing flow losses and inducing vibrations that eventually compromise the stability of the entire ship lift system.