Patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of cabotegravir + rilpivirine long-acting injections as antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) continues to have a high global burden, with approximately 39.9 million people currently living with the virus. Despite the clinical success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), adherence remains a significant challenge, often due to emotional distress and HIV-related stigma. Long-acting injectables (LAIs) such as the combination of cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) have emerged as promising alternatives, reducing the burden of daily pill regimens.

Methods: This systematic review explores the role of CAB + RPV-LA injectables in antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a focus on patient-reported outcomes from five key clinical trials.

Results: Findings reveal that CAB + RPV-LA maintains high levels of viral suppression comparable to daily ART while improving patient satisfaction and quality of life. Meta-analysis of HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQc) scores across multiple trials demonstrated consistent positive outcomes, with a mean score of 28.83 out of a possible range from -33 to +33, indicating a substantial improvement in patient satisfaction compared to baseline. Qualitative data highlight the psychological and logistical benefits of LAIs, including reduced stigma and enhanced treatment convenience.

Conclusions: This review underscores the potential of CAB + RPV-LA in improving patient adherence and satisfaction while offering insights for future studies on longer-term outcomes of LAI use.