Finite element and thermal analysis of porous Ti-6Al-4V Scaffold dental implant prosthetics with a dense central core an investigation of the influence of porosity size on implants.

Investigating the temperature effects of eating or drinking food and hot or cold liquids, as well as the temperature distribution of these materials on porous dental implant scaffolds and evaluating their thermal loads, is significant. In this article, hot and cold temperature cycles from -10 °C to +60 °C were applied on dental implants with different porosity percentages and dental prostheses for 20 to 30 s, and their effects on bone and tissue were evaluated. Also, the temperature distribution during heat transfer has been studied and predicted, and the temperature difference and heat flux between two points of the dental implant structure along with the dental prosthesis and their contact surface with bone and tissue have been evaluated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The results show that this scaffold porous dental implant with different central core diameters is very suitable for intra-jaw surgery applications. According to the materials used and the results obtained from heat transfer analyses under various temperatures, they have high strength and wear resistance. The results show that after the first thermal cycle, the temperature of this part of the implant with medium porosity is 2.96% lower than the high-porosity type and 5.1% lower than the low-porosity type. These results are 0.8% lower than the high porosity type and 1.33% lower than the low porosity type for the second type of thermal cycle, and 31.2% higher than the high porosity type and 4.15% higher than the low porosity type for the third type of thermal cycle. The reason for the large difference in the dimensions of medium, high, and low porosity is due to the negative heat flux, and as is clear from the results, the medium porosity implant maintains the medium temperature well and prevents the transfer of cold temperature to the bone and other biological organs. In this article, we have used a porous implant with a dense core diameter of 1.8 mm. These types of implants with a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) scaffold structure are used for dental applications. Due to the formation of an oxide layer on the implant structure, titanium alloy has long-term durability in the human jaw bone and ensures its stability in the tissue. Thermal analysis of the dental structure, temperature changes, and other components related to the incoming heat flux in the direction perpendicular to the placement of the implant inside the bone for dental prosthesis and implant, including abutment and fixture, has been investigated. We have used Ansys software to analyze the designed model's temperature distribution and thermal stress. The higher the percentage of porosity in the implant structure, the greater the effect of temperature on the entire structure, especially the lower parts of the implant. This means that these two parameters have a direct relationship with each other. The amount of heat transfer in the thermal analysis of favorable temperature and low temperature with high porosity is 0.5% and 153.2% more than low porosity, respectively. These findings are significant as they provide insights into the thermal behavior of porous dental implants, which is crucial for their design and performance evaluation. The results for the low-temperature mode are particularly noteworthy as they indicate the potential for improved performance under such conditions. Our research demonstrates that this scaffold porous dental implant suits intra-jaw surgery applications and offers practical benefits. This reassures us about the durability of these implants, making them a practical choice for dental implantology.