[Cytokine status of patients with Alzheimer's disease].

Objective: To study cytokine status in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Material and methods: The main group of patients with a confirmed AD included 23 patients with a mean age of 69 [66.2; 77.5] years (6 males, 17 females). Data from 163 apparently healthy subjects (data from the archive of the Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia) were used as a control. A multiplex enzyme immunoassay (xMAP technology) was performed using a FlexMap 3D multiplex flow fluorimeter. Samples were analyzed for the following cytokines: epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), eotaxin, transforming growth factor (TGF-α), granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF), Flt-3L, fractalkine, interferon (IFN)-α2, IFN-γ, GRO, interleukins (IL)-10, -12p40, -12p70, -13, -15, -17A, -1RA, -1α, -9, -1β, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, IP-10, sCD40L, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3,-1, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1b, tumor necrosis factors (TNF)-α, TNF-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Results: The median levels of FGF-2, eotaxin, G-CSF, Flt-3L, GM-CSF, fractalkine, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, MCP-3, IL-1RA, -4, -8, TNF-α in the AD group was higher (more than 2-fold) than in the control group. Of note, the median values of eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Flt-3L, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the AD group exceeded the 90th percentile of those in the control group.

Conclusion: The obtained data indicate significant changes in cytokine status in AD, with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and activated neuroprotective mechanisms.