[E-cigarettes cannot be recommended as a means of smoking cessation and long-term impacts are unresolved].

E-cigarettes are popular, especially among youth. However, controversies surround their harm-reduction potential vs risks, and this review explores the current knowledge. Reviews have compared e-cigarettes to established quit medication, and although some studies suggest efficacy, overall evidence quality is low. Thousands of studies have examined the health effects of e-cigarettes, revealing conclusive evidence of acute harm. Short-term studies highlight negative cardiovascular and pulmonary effects, while limited data on long-term impacts underscore the need for further research and continued caution.