A blockchain-based approach for secure energy-efficient IoT-based Wireless Sensor Networks for smart cities

As a result of IoT-based Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT-WSNs), resource-constrained environments are becoming more efficient and dynamic. Even though IoT-WSNs have many advantages, they also face significant challenges, including their high energy consumption, limited lifespan, and security vulnerabilities. IoT-WSNs for smart cities could be made more energy-efficient and secure by using a blockchain-based approach. Blockchain technology improves energy efficiency and reduces communication costs while ensuring decentralized, secure spectrum management. A smart contract and distributed ledger mechanism reduce redundant data transmissions and facilitate network trust. A blockchain-enabled clustering mechanism allows energy-aware sensing and resource allocation, as well as cognitive radio technology used for efficient spectrum utilization. Compared to existing techniques, the proposed method is more energy efficient, more accurate in sensing spectrums, and more secure. IoT-WSNs provide a solution to energy and security challenges in smart city infrastructure, contributing to sustainable development.