The dual role of gut microbiota in pancreatic cancer: new insights into onset and treatment.

Pancreatic cancer ranks among the most lethal digestive malignancies, exhibiting a steadily increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances in cancer research, the 5-year survival rate remains below 10%, predominantly due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Concurrently, the gut microbiota-an integral component of host physiology-has emerged as a crucial player in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Mounting evidence indicates that alterations in gut microbial composition and function may influence tumor initiation, progression, and response to therapy. This review provides an in-depth examination of the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and pancreatic cancer, highlighting potential diagnostic biomarkers and exploring microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.