Towards smart agriculture through nano-fertilizer-A review

Nanoparticles' recent advancement and phenomenal ingenuity radically change Fertilizers for developing agro-based technology. This paper illustrates the groundbreaking use of nano fertilizers (NFs) rather than conventional fertilizers. The simultaneous improvement of nutrient flow is detected, and nutrient solubility is significant after using NFs. The continuous synchronization of the transportation of nutrients enhances plant growth by minimizing toxicity. The seed germination tends to accelerate, and acidity levels can be ideally monitored with the help of organic and inorganic NFs. The foliar application also helps to increase efficiency for targeted tissues by spraying plant leaves, which develops plant growth. Soil and roots are other media that introduce NFs, which escalate plant tissue growth. ZnO, MnO₂ & MoO₃ are the most commonly used NFs and can be synthesized by the Precipitation method, Vacuum Arc Deposition, Chemical Absorption, or many other techniques. Long-term usage, cost efficiency, and environmental phenomena may be the main concerns for researchers. Still, new possibilities for food safety and economic viability create remarkable opportunities for innovative nano-fertilizers.