Voltage mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillators employing inverting current feedback operational amplifier

This paper presents a set of five voltage-mode quadrature oscillators that utilize an inverting current feedback operational amplifier as an active device. The characteristic equations of all the derived oscillators are simple and derived parameters, such as the oscillation condition or oscillation frequency, can be individually and independently controlled via grounded or virtually grounded resistors. An important feature of these oscillators is that the capacitors used are grounded, and the output voltages are obtained from the buffered port of the active device. Initially, the oscillators are tested using conventional pen-and-paper analysis, followed by software simulations and hardware validation, which are included in the manuscript.