Commentary for the Special Issue on Innovations and Strategies for Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Measurement and Methodological Challenges.

This commentary explores challenges and innovations in prevention science that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on measurement issues and the contextual influences on data collection and intervention delivery. The pandemic necessitated a rapid shift to remote data collection and virtual interventions, many of which proved effective and scalable, as demonstrated by studies in this special issue. Innovations such as remote observational assessments improved reliability, reduced costs, and increased accessibility. However, the pandemic also revealed how contextual factors influence measurement properties for key constructs, with examples from this issue showing shifts in scale dimensionality and item functioning over time. These findings underscore the importance of considering context when designing and interpreting quantitative measures. I argue that by embracing heterogeneity in exposures and outcomes, prevention researchers can improve the precision and relevance of their work.