Models for cultural development strategies and the experience of medium-sized cities in Central and Eastern Europe — A case of Poland

This study explores cultural development strategies in medium-sized cities in Poland, aiming to identify their types and evaluate their application in the context of post-socialist transformations. The typology proposed by Grodach and Loukaitou-Sideris was adapted for the Polish context. Findings reveal a predominantly progressive approach, emphasizing support for local communities and cultural production, alongside partial adoption of entrepreneurial strategies aimed at city promotion and tourism. A new strategy type, ‘cultural identity rejuvenation’ (CIR), is introduced. It is characteristic of medium-sized post-socialist cities in Central and Eastern Europe and reflects activities such as revitalizing city centers, constructing cultural facilities, and promoting local heritage. The study illustrates that while these cities try to adopt Western models of cultural strategies, the evolution of their cultural sector is profoundly shaped by their socialist heritage and systemic transformation challenges. The findings highlight the pivotal role of cultural strategies in driving social transformation and economic growth.