David Maya, Fernando Orozco-Zitli, Emiliano Rodríguez-Anaya
{"title":"连续统单子的非阻塞子的超空间同胚的可度量空间","authors":"David Maya, Fernando Orozco-Zitli, Emiliano Rodríguez-Anaya","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2024.109151","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A <em>continuum</em> is a nondegenerate compact connected metric space. The hyperspace of all nonempty closed subsets of a continuum <em>X</em> topologized by the Hausdorff metric is denoted by <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>. Given a continuum <em>X</em>, the subspace <span><math><mrow><mi>NB</mi></mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> of <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> consists of all elements <span><math><mi>A</mi><mo>∈</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>}</mo></mrow></math></span> such that for each <span><math><mi>x</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>A</mi></math></span>, the union of all subcontinua of <em>X</em> containing <em>x</em> and contained in <span><math><mi>X</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>A</mi></math></span> is a dense subset of <em>X</em>. The members of <span><math><mrow><mi>NB</mi></mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> are called nonblocker subsets of the singletons of the continuum <em>X</em>. In this paper, we show that each proper nonempty open subset <em>U</em> of a compact metric space can be embedded in a continuum <em>X</em> such that <em>U</em> and the hyperspace of nonblocker subsets of <em>X</em> are homeomorphic. This answers a question posed by J. Camargo, F. Capulín, E. Castañeda-Alvarado and D. Maya.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 109151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Metrizable spaces homeomorphic to the hyperspace of nonblockers of singletons of a continuum\",\"authors\":\"David Maya, Fernando Orozco-Zitli, Emiliano Rodríguez-Anaya\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.topol.2024.109151\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>A <em>continuum</em> is a nondegenerate compact connected metric space. The hyperspace of all nonempty closed subsets of a continuum <em>X</em> topologized by the Hausdorff metric is denoted by <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>. Given a continuum <em>X</em>, the subspace <span><math><mrow><mi>NB</mi></mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> of <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> consists of all elements <span><math><mi>A</mi><mo>∈</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>}</mo></mrow></math></span> such that for each <span><math><mi>x</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>A</mi></math></span>, the union of all subcontinua of <em>X</em> containing <em>x</em> and contained in <span><math><mi>X</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>A</mi></math></span> is a dense subset of <em>X</em>. The members of <span><math><mrow><mi>NB</mi></mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> are called nonblocker subsets of the singletons of the continuum <em>X</em>. In this paper, we show that each proper nonempty open subset <em>U</em> of a compact metric space can be embedded in a continuum <em>X</em> such that <em>U</em> and the hyperspace of nonblocker subsets of <em>X</em> are homeomorphic. This answers a question posed by J. Camargo, F. Capulín, E. Castañeda-Alvarado and D. Maya.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":51201,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Topology and its Applications\",\"volume\":\"360 \",\"pages\":\"Article 109151\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-02-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Topology and its Applications\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166864124003365\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Topology and its Applications","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166864124003365","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
连续统是一个非退化紧连通度量空间。由Hausdorff度量拓扑化的连续体X的所有非空闭子集的超空间用2X表示。给定一个连续X,子空间NB (F1 (X)) 2 X包括所有元素∈2 X−{X}对于每个X∈−,工会的subcontinua包含X和包含在X−X的一个是一个密集的子集NB (F1 (X))的成员被称为nonblocker子集的单件连续X在本文中,我们表明,每一个适当的非空的开放U紧度量空间的子集可以嵌入在一个连续X, U和nonblocker子集的多维空间X是同胚的。这回答了J. Camargo, F. Capulín, E. Castañeda-Alvarado和D. Maya提出的问题。
Metrizable spaces homeomorphic to the hyperspace of nonblockers of singletons of a continuum
A continuum is a nondegenerate compact connected metric space. The hyperspace of all nonempty closed subsets of a continuum X topologized by the Hausdorff metric is denoted by . Given a continuum X, the subspace of consists of all elements such that for each , the union of all subcontinua of X containing x and contained in is a dense subset of X. The members of are called nonblocker subsets of the singletons of the continuum X. In this paper, we show that each proper nonempty open subset U of a compact metric space can be embedded in a continuum X such that U and the hyperspace of nonblocker subsets of X are homeomorphic. This answers a question posed by J. Camargo, F. Capulín, E. Castañeda-Alvarado and D. Maya.
期刊介绍:
Topology and its Applications is primarily concerned with publishing original research papers of moderate length. However, a limited number of carefully selected survey or expository papers are also included. The mathematical focus of the journal is that suggested by the title: Research in Topology. It is felt that it is inadvisable to attempt a definitive description of topology as understood for this journal. Certainly the subject includes the algebraic, general, geometric, and set-theoretic facets of topology as well as areas of interactions between topology and other mathematical disciplines, e.g. topological algebra, topological dynamics, functional analysis, category theory. Since the roles of various aspects of topology continue to change, the non-specific delineation of topics serves to reflect the current state of research in topology.
At regular intervals, the journal publishes a section entitled Open Problems in Topology, edited by J. van Mill and G.M. Reed. This is a status report on the 1100 problems listed in the book of the same name published by North-Holland in 1990, edited by van Mill and Reed.