Application and development of SERS technology in detection of VOC gases

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are recognized as critical environmental contaminants and cancer biomarkers, highlighting the significance of their trace detection for environmental conservation and human health. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology has emerged as a promising tool in this domain, offering unparalleled sensitivity and the ability to provide molecular fingerprints for probes. Despite the inherent disadvantages of gaseous molecules being difficult to adsorb on solid substrates, researchers have made great efforts to overcome these obstacles. This comprehensive review delineates the recent advancements and applications of SERS technology in the detection of VOCs, encompassing environmental monitoring and the analysis of exhaled breath. A particular focus is placed on the innovative design of substrate materials and strategies for enhancing the capture of gas molecules, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), microfluidic chips, and other substrates. Finally, we summarized the current challenges confronting SERS technology in VOC detection and provided insights into potential prospects for future development.