Urban roads and walking: Exploring pedestrian perceptions and experiences in a Sub-Saharan African City

Amidst rapid urbanization and increasing motorization, walking remains a widely used mode of transport in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The frequency with which people walk, the distance for which they may be willing to walk, and the convenience and safety with which they can walk, depend significantly on road design. Moreover, the impact of roads on walking behavior will differ between population segments. Road designs in SSA typically prioritize motorized transport, neglecting pedestrians' safety and convenience, as well as aesthetic appeal of roads, and often ignoring the importance of roads and streets as a place for economic and social activities. This study addresses the under-researched relationship between road design and walking in a Sub-Saharan African city. We analyze residents' perceptions and experiences on two distinct roads in Bamenda, the third-largest city in Cameroon. Using a checklist, we assessed the selected roads for pedestrian-friendly and hostile elements. Thirty participants residing near the roads were interviewed to understand their walking experiences and perceptions of street walkability. Findings reveal poor walking conditions on both roads, which lack essential pedestrian infrastructure. Where present, pedestrian infrastructure is often obstructed by businesses and parked vehicles. Respondents reported walking to be (severely) affected by conflicts with motorized traffic and especially motorcycles, and poor road conditions resulting in dust and mud in dry and rainy seasons respectively. Surprisingly, poor road conditions may also enhance walking, as they reduce vehicle speeds and thus safety risks.