The comparison of pathogenic role and mechanism of Kallistatin and PEDF in tumors

Tumors are diseases caused by abnormal cell division and growth, which can be life-threatening if not treated properly. Serpin inhibitors play a crucial role in regulating pathophysiological process and are promising drug targets. Kallistatin (SERPINA4) and Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF, SERPINF1) are two serpins that lack protease inhibitory activity but are abundant in blood. They exhibit anti-angiogenic effects and are involved in tumorigenesis. The pathogenic role and mechanism of Kallistatin and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) have been extensively studied for their potential use in cancer therapy. Kallistatin and PEDF play significant roles in controlling tumor growth and progression. While they share some common mechanisms of action, such as promoting apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis, they also have distinct differences in effectiveness and range of anti-tumor activities. This review compares and contrasts the expression patterns, structural features, expression regulation, disease roles, signaling pathways, and potential clinical value of Kallistatin and PEDF, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of their biomedical and clinical potential.